KIM Clone software

KIM Clone software

Look at the KIM-1 software page for a wide offer of KIM-1 software, suitable also for the KIM Clone.

KIM Monitor

The Corsham variant of the KIM Monitor is for the most part made up of the code in the 6530-002 ROM. The 6530-003 (audio cassette save/load) ROM was removed.
Placed in the main ROM of the KIM Clone.

List of changes to the original KIM-1 ROMs:

  1. Removal of the (6530-003) code to save/load from cassette tape.
  2. Lunar Lander (First Book of KIM) added.
  3. Farmer Brown (First Book of KIM) added.
  4. New X command from TTY to enter the Corsham Technologies xKIM extended monitor.
  5. L command also loads Intel hex file (from input, send file in terminal emulator, like you can do with papertape files)

There is no technical reason why you could not load the original KIM 6530-002 and 6530-003 ROMs into the KIM Monitor EPROM. The Corsham KIM Monitor is a bit more convenient.

Source of Corsham KIM Monitor

xKIM Monitor
Placed in the extra EEPROM

Extra commands in teletype mode.

  ? ........... Show this help
  D ........... Disk directory
  E xxxx ...... Edit memory
  H xxxx xxxx . Hex dump memory
  J xxxx ...... Jump to address
  K ........... Go to KIM monitor
  L ........... Load HEX file
  M xxxx xxxx . Memory test
  P ........... Ping disk controller
  T ........... Type disk file
  ! ........... Do a cold start

Source of Corsham KIM Monitor
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Corsham eXtended KIM Monitor Manual
Source of Corsham KIM Monitor

Microsoft 8K BASIC
Download the original KB9 binary, dumped from official Micro-soft (no typing error, original name!) cassette audio tape, and documentation from this site.

Or build your own version from the pagetable blog (for which my KB9 was the KIM-1 version as input!) Install the CC65 package, then run the make.sh command, then look at the file tmp/kb9.bin, You’ll need to convert that raw binary image to a file suitable for downloading to the KIM, see the KIM-1 tools for a utility. All of these needs at least 12K of RAM starting at $2000 in the KIM-1

Binaries of KB9

Here is a file suitable for downloading onto a KIM-1. It loads at $2000 but to run it you’ll need to start at $4065. Use the L command in KIM-1’s monitor, then upload the file. I strongly suggest that you change your terminal emulator so it adds a 200 ms pause at the end of each line. Once it loads, run it by going to 4065 and running it.
4065 G
To see the easter egg, answer “A” when it asks for memory size.

Original KIM-1 Microsoft BASIC KB9

This is still experimental but I have a version which uses functions in the xKIM monitor (present on the KIM Clone or on the 60K RAM/EPROM board) to save/load from the SD Card System. It also has a DIR command. This is an Intel HEX file and must be loaded from the xKIM “L” command:

Download hex file xkim

This loads and runs at $2000.

Tom Pittman’s Tiny BASIC
Tom distributed a very small BASIC that needed about 3K to run, and was available on paper tape for $5!!! He has quite a bit about it at:
http://www.ittybittycomputers.com/IttyBitty/TinyBasic/

Here is the source code, listing, and binary to my disassembly which includes a lot of comments and notes from Tom Pittman:
Tiny Basic source
Tiny Basic listing

A ready-to-run binary which loads at $0200 and should have RAM up to $13FFL
Tiny Basic hex file

Bob’s Tiny BASIC
by Bob Applegate

All the early issues of Dr Dobb’s Journal discussed using using an intermediate language (IL) to write a general interpreter, then writing a BASIC interpreter using the IL language. Nobody used this except for Tom Pittman. I liked the idea and about five years ago wrote my own BASIC using that approach. It is buggy, but the sources are on the Corshams github so anyone can take them, hopefully debug things, and put fixes back in place. My version also has commands to save/load programs to/from a Corsham Technologies’ SD Card System.

Source and documentation of Bob’s Tiny Basic

And a binary version that can be run starting at address 0200

AS65 assembler

The software above was assembled with the AS65 Kingwoods assembler, a command line utility for Windows (including 10).

Download here AS65

A typical build for a bianry and hex output would be:

REM Build xKIM
as65 -l -s2 xKIM.asm
as65 -l xKIM.asm

Type “as65 ?” for help

Memory Test

by Bob Applegate
This memory test was originally based on Jim Butterfield’s memory test program in the First Book of Kim, but has grown a bit. This now tests every memory location using a rolling 9-bit pattern. Ie the pattern repeats every 9 bytes, so this will detect most shorted address line problems. I use this to test memory boards, so it will run forever unless an error is detected. At the end of each pass, a ‘.’ is printed.

This does output to the TTY port, so if you’re only using the default KIM display, the output functions will need to be tweaked. Not hard to do, but I didn’t need it.

Written February 2006 by Bob Applegate, but it uses some bits of code from Jim Butterfield, and Ross Archer
Memory test soource and hex file

Microchess Peter Jennings
Adapted for KIM clone by tennyson.neil

Source and hex file Microchess for the KIM clone

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KIM Clone Proto Board


KIM Clone Proto Board

KIM Clone Proto Board User Manual

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KIM Clone tips

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KIM Clone

A KIM-1 clone build by Bob Applegate of Corsham Technologies.

The idea was replace the 6530’s with 6532 and by careful memory decoding have the I/O, timer and RAM of the 6532’s appear at the same locations as the 6530-002 and -003. ROM is added with an EPROM.
Not an exact copy in dimensions , and the ROM has been changed/enhanced/improved with a xKIM Monitor by Bob Applegate (hex upload e.g.), though the original KIM-1 ROM should work also.

The result is a high quality build, and an exact KIM-1. With many extra’s

Available assembled and tested or as a kit. I have bought the Rev 2 PCB with essential parts from Corsham to build it!

And also bought the assembled Rev 5 with expansion connector, motherboard, Proto board,  KIM Clone I/O and SD/RTC Shield.

This is a dream of a 6502 development system! The SD shield has a simple interface in the xKIM monitor to load and save files on the SD, which is a FAT formatted card, Fast enough of course and easy to exchange fiiles on a PC with a cross assembler.

What you find here:


Photos of my Corsham Technologies cards:









Rev 1A Corsham, close to Rev 2

KIM-1 RAM/ROM and I/O board connected to a KIM-1

KIM-1 manuals and MOS Technology documents

On this page manuals, most English, some German and other MOS Technology documents

PDFs from all over the internet, archive.org,.thanks for that!
From https://www.retro-commodore.eu/2021/02/14/kim-1-manuals/ come the high quality scans!
Most are own scans and many hours of correcting scans to higher and cleaner quality.



KIM-1 User Manual

Four version are known to exist, a First Edition January 1976, a Second Edition March 1976 Revision 6500-15A, a Second Edition 6500-15B August 1976, and a Rockwell version Rev 1 1977.
There may have been a 6500-15C on which the Rockwell version is based. From 15A to 15B the difference is in a changed description of the 6530 timer. In the Rockwell version the keypad change of SST switch to the left is documented.
A German version is also known.

Proofreading version of User Manual from Terry Holdt
KIM-1 User Manual First Edition, January 1976
No Version number, could be 6500-15.
KIM User Manual Errata Letters for First Edition
KIM-1 User Manual 15A March 1976
KIM-1 User Manual 15B August 1976

User manual in HTML format
User manual in text format
Appendix with complete ROM listing in PDF format

KIM-1 User Manual Rockwell Rev 1, 1977
Revision of Rockwell KIM-1 User Manual
MOS KIM-1 Handbuch, German version of KIM-1 User manual

MCS6500 Family Hardware Manual

Hardware Manual August 1975 First Edition Publications Number 6500-10
6500-10 MCS6500 Hardware Manual August 1975 First Edition
Errate letter for Hardware Manual 6500–10
Hardware Manual January 1976 Second Edition Publications Number 6500-10A
6500-10A MCS6500 Hardware Manual January 1976 Second edition
6500-10A MCS6500 Hardware Manual Second Edition January 1976
high quality, printed in Germany
MCS6500 Hardware manual 6500-10A in HTML format
MCS6500 Hardware Manual 6500-10A in ASCII format
MOS 6500 Hardware Handbuch
German version of Hardware manual
Rockwell 6500 Hardware Manual
MCS6500 Microcomputer Family Hardware Manual 50A Reproduced
High-res quality typeset manual by Pickledlight. Local copy. Check the original for updates.
MCS6500 Microcomputer Family Hardware Manual Reproduced
MCS6500 Microcomputer Family Hardware Manual Reproduced Cover
MCS6500 Microcomputer Family Hardware Manual Reproduced with Cover

MCS6500 Family Programming manual

6500-50A MCS6500 Programming Manual January 1976
with reference card


6500-50A MCS6500 Microcomputer Family Programming Manual
Reproduced

High-res quality typeset manual by Pickledlight. Local copy. Check the original for updates.
Hardcover of MCS6500 Microcomputer Family Programming Manual
MCS6500 Microcomputer Family Programming Manual reproduced with cover
Programming Manual in HTML format
Programming manual appendix in HTML format
Rockwell 6500 Programming Manual
6500-50 MCS6500 Programming Manual Synertek
6500-50 MCS6500 Programming Manual Synertek in HTML format
MOS Microcomputers Programmier Handbuch
German version of Programming manual

KIM Hints

A small booklet from MOS Technology comes with every KIM-1 with hints how to use the KIM-1. Like audio cassette, Teletype, paper tape, power supply and the Interval Timer in the 6530.

KIM Hints, grey cover
KIM-1 Hints, white cover
KIM hints in text format
KIM-1
KIM-1 Hints with additions and corrections

KIM Application Note #2 Interval timer Operation

KIM Application Note #2 Interval timer Operation

KIM-2 – KIM-5 manuals

Hardware extensions, see also the KIM System Products pages.

< User’s Manual Motherboard KIM-4 in PDF
User’s Manual Motherboard KIM-4
User’s Manual Motherboard KIM-4 in BW PDF
User’s Manual Motherboard KIM-4 in HTML
< MOS KIM-2-3-4 User Manual Expansion Modules
KIM System products folder KIM-3B KIM-4 IM-5 KIM-6 incl pricelist
MOS KIM Assembler Manual Preliminary (KIM-5)
MOS KIM Text Editor User Manual (KIM-5)

Cross assembler Manual, GE timeshare

Scan-160408-0001 Cross assembler Manual, GE timeshare
MCS6500 Microprocessor Software Support
Guide for using the MOS Technology Support Software on United Computing Systems timesharing service
Describes the MCS6500 Cross Assembler, Simulator and DMP to ROM programs.

MOS KIMath Subroutines Programming Manual

MOS KIMath Subroutines Programming Manual

MOS Technology Cross assembler


Circuit diagram poster

KIM-1 circuit diagram
Rockwell branded circuit diagram
KIM-1 poster in high resolution, large picture!
KIM-1 poster in high resolution,
cleaned up by Joshy of Forum64 and me (August 2022)
KIM-1 poster in high resolution, cleaned up and with wide borders
KIM-1 poster in high resolution, scan by Dave McMurtrie
Redrawn KIM-1 circuit diagram

First Book of KIM

Written by Jim Butterfield, Stan Ockers and Eric Rehnke (and many other authors!), first published 1977.
Invaluable source of information on programming the standard KIM-1. Background, games, utilities such as Hypertape.
Many reprints, many publishers.
The two versions downloadable here are rescanned and of high quality. The layout is a bit different, the contents are mostly identical. The corrections listed below are applicable to the Human Electron version, the Hayden version already has those corrections.
The previous version and only until now, still all on the internet is low quality, full of artefacts and missing the last page.

First Book of KIM, 1977, 1978
Published by Hayden Book Company. Later version, corrected edition
First Book of KIM, 1977
Published in Europe by Human Electron GMBH. Earlier version, corrections required
The Appendix SYM/KIM tot the First Book of KIM
1979, Robert A Peck, Hayden Book Company
Last page of Hayden version, a quick reference of the KIM-1
The First Book of KIM-1, part in text format
The First Book of KIM-1 in HTML format
Sources of The First Book of KIM-1 in source and papertape format, Jeff Tranter
Software from First Book of KIM in binary, audio (Wave) and papertape format, by Dave Willams.

THE FIRST BOOK OF KIM – corrections
– Authorships: SORT p. 136: by Jim Pollock
– FARMER BROWN, HYPERTAPE, SUPERDUDE: by Jim Butterfield
– Titles: MUTI-MAZE, p 92, should be MULTI-MAZE
– Programs:
– BANDIT: change 0252 and 029C from 08 to 0B
– CODE TEST, p.58: change 02CE thru 02DA to:
D1 65 D4 C5 D5 85 D0 A2 04 B5 D0 95 D1
– MUSIC BOX, p.90: add 027D 84 E7 – STY LIMIT+1
– MINI DIS, p. 125: add 0364 68 – PLA
– LUNAR LANDER, p.84: Press A for altitude display (is not in the Hayden version!)
– WUMPUS, p.107:. If WUMPUS moves into a room. with a pit or superbats, he’ll’ be hidden – you won’t be told WUMPUS CLOSE. Either guess or pitch a can to make him move.
– Asteroid line 0269 should be labeled NOBT
– Blackjack 0292 should be labeled HIT
– PING PONG hex dump 0325 should be “08” not “C0”
– WUMPUS line 06C delete duplicate label “ROOM”


Newsletters and errata

MOS Technology newsletters
MOS Technology April 1976 customer update
Customer Errata Letters
Customer Errata Letter 1
Customer Errata Letter 2
Customer Errata Letter 3

Quick references

KIM-1 Quick Reference by Jeff Trenter
KIM-1 user guide and notes
from the book “Microcomputer Principles
featuring the 6502/KIM

Other MOS Technology documents

MOS Technology Floating point BCD routines
MOS Technology January 1976, Rev 0.
Numbers of six digits BCD Mantissa,
a two digit BCD Exponent and the signs for the mantissa
MCS6532 Design Specification
Published before the first 6532 datasheet
MCS6500 Microprocessor Software Support
Guide for using the MOS Technology Support Software on United Computing Systems timesharing service
Describes the MCS6500 Cross Assembler, Simulator and DMP to ROM programs.
MCS6500 datasheet May 1976
MDT 650 product description
Simplifying Conversion from 6800 to 6502
TIM Software development Aid Product description
KIM 2-3-4-5 product descriptions

Warranty card that came with the KIM-1

Byte Magazine 1978 09 Plugging the KIM-2 Gap

Byte Magazine 1978 09 Plugging the KIM-2 Gap