You can assemble the sources with the assemblers with one of these fine assemblers:
- TASM Telemark assembler, runs on Windows 10 and 11. My favorite.
- A65 assembler, run in DOSBOX or VDOS.
- ASM.80 online assembler
- the assembler from the CC65 suite, powerfull but perhaps overkill for small programs
Other tools that may help you:
- binary file compare (I use freeware WinMerge)
- hex editor (plugin for Notepad++)
- convert between different 8 bit binary files format such as MOS Papertape, Intel Hex, Motorola S-Record, hex dumps. I use my own tool for that: Convert 8bit hex formats
Note that all these assemblers have a different idea about pseudo ops.
- Some require a ‘.’ in front of a pseudo-op like .org
- db, dw instead of .byte, .word
- > < to indicate upper or lower byte, TASM does not know this, use & $FF and >> 8 to mask of upper byte or move upper byte to lower byte.
- 0X or $ to indicate hexadecimal notation
Easy to edit with a Search and Replace usually.
TASM – Notepad++ integration
Install plugin NPPEXEC
- Place TASM in a folder on your disk, e.g. C:\TASM
- Create environment variable TASMTABS with value C:\TASM
- Add c:\TASM to the PATH
tasm -65 -g3 -s -l -c -fff &quot;$(FILE_NAME)&quot; &quot;$(NAME_PART).bin&quot; &quot;$(NAME_PART).lst&quot; -s &quot;$(NAME_PART).sym&quot;
(-c to combine parts into binary file, -f to fill unused parts in binary with $FF, see TASM manual)
or to produce Intel hex for a programmer:
tasm -65 -x3 -fff -g0 -c -s &quot;$(FILE_NAME)&quot; &quot;$(NAME_PART).ihex&quot; &quot;$(NAME_PART).lst&quot; -s &quot;$(NAME_PART).sym&quot;
(-x3 to allow 65C02 instructions)
Now you can edit a source file, save it (CTRL-S), and press CTRL-F6 to execute the NPPEXEC script. The output of TASM is shown in the windows below the source.
If all is well, a Binary, a listing and a Symbol file is produced.
Text on this page and gerbers by Werner Beukes (original site disappeared late 2022)
The Junior Computer was published in the May 1980 issue of the Elektor magazine. Like many single board computers of that time, it was based on the 6502 microprocessor and the design was more or less the same as the Synertek SYM-1 and the KIM-1.
The Junior Computer was part of a bigger system and a year later in the May and June 1981 issues, the interface card was featured. This was followed by the floppy disc interface in the November 1982 issue. What is notable about this design, was that it did not use any of the exotic and hard-to-find floppy disc controllers (and expensive too).
Other cards that were published but not necessarily for use with the Junior Computer only, were the Universal Memory card (March 1983) – and Universal VDU card (September 1983).
The one thing that puts people off from building something like the Junior Computer, is the printed circuit board. It is no longer available through the Elektor’s PCB service and making one yourself from the layout in the article is just too much effort.
Well, I made building your own Junior Computer a lot easier. Using Sprint Layout 6.0, I replicated the designs for the Junior Computer, Interface board, Floppy Disc Controller, Universal Memory card and Bus board.
The Gerber files for these boards are available free for download and the printed circuit boards made from these files will result in boards which would be identical to the ones you would have received should you have ordered it from the PCB Service..
Downloads here:
- Original Junior Computer
This download includes all the Gerber files, the layout file
- Modified Junior Computer
There are 2 modifications. The crystal replaced by 1MHz crystal oscillator and 2708 EPROM replaced by 2716 or 28C16 EEPROM.
- Interface Card
Project published Elektor May 1981 and June 1981. This was extremely difficult to replicate as the artwork quality was very bad.
- Floppy Interface Card
Project published in Elektor November 1982. Design does not use exotic (and hard to find) floppy controllers like the WD1770 etc.
- Universal Memory Card
Article published in the Elektor of March 1983.
- Bus Board
Required if you want to put a full system together.
- Mini Bus Board
Couple Junior and Interface card.
- VDU card with BNC
KIM-1 Simulator version 1.1.6 has been published. Get it here.
It now supports Focal-V3D 12-AUG-77 (the Aresco version) from the KIM-1 Software page, see here.
Updates to the Simulator are a working echo suppression (see here for background). Available to any program.
For Focal V3D a setting has to be made in the Settings, to allow Focal to do its magic in the input routine.
By working on Focal I did add comments to the disassembly of what I found. You will find the original by Paul R. Santa-Marie and my partly commented version in the archive.
This article is written by Jeff M. Nay, about his experiments to restore a KIM-1 to working order. The challenge was to address the second 6530-002 in this setup at another address then the onboard 6530-002 RRIOT.The experiment was a success, the 6530-002 is indeed in a bad state, the ROM is corrupt and it had to be replaced.The KIM-1, from a friend, was in a bad state. The repair was a success also. He was able to get this old KIM-1 working again, after only having to replace, the 6502 CPU, the 6530-002 RRIOT Chip with a Corsham 6530 Replacement board, all 8 Memory Chips and the U17 7406 inverter. Read the article here
This article is written by Jeff M. Nay, about his experiments to restore a KIM-1 to working order, testing the 6530-002 RRIOT with his own KIM-1.
The challenge was to address the second 6530-002 in this setup at another address then the onboard 6530-002 RRIOT.
The experiment was a success, the 6530-002 is indeed in a bad state, the ROM is corrupt and it had to be replaced.
The KIM-1, from a friend, was in a bad state. The repair was a success also. He was able to get this old KIM-1 working again, after only having to replace, the 6502 CPU, the 6530-002 RRIOT Chip with a Corsham 6530 Replacement board, all 8 Memory Chips and the U17 7406 inverter.
Read more in the group: KIM-1 – Google Groups
Breadboard Test for 6530-002
Attach Breadboard to working KIM-1, using Expansion Port and using K4 and K2 from Application Port (Corsham Application Board)
NOTE: Turn all SW1 switches on CORSHAM Board Off (Or data will repeat at K1,K2,K3,K4)
I started by wiring the data lines on the 6530 to the expansion board pins 15-8.
Then the address lines to pins A-L.
Now it is just a matter of wiring the control lines correctly.
- I have phase 2, pin 3 of the 6530 going to pin U of the Expansion board (Yellow)
- I have pin 4 (RSO) of the 6530 going to (K4) of my Corsham Application Board – (Don’t forget pull up resistor) (Blue)
- I have RES pin 16 of the 6530 wired to pin 7 (RST) of the Expansion board
- I have pin 18, (CS1) on the 6530. Going to (K2) of my Corsham Application Board – (Don’t forget pull up resistor) (White)
- I have Power going to pin 20 and Gnd going to pin 1
You should be able to read ROM at $1000
Looking below at the data sheet, where the address of the I/O and RAM are determined by A9-A6. This means it is not hard set for $1700 or $1740.
K5 ($1400) + A9-A6 determines where the IO of both 6530s will start and end.
I ended up using K2, which starts at $0800 + A9-A6 means my I/O registers should start at $0B40 for the 6530-002 or $0B00 for the 6530-003
I also use K4 for the ROM section of the 6530-002 which starts the ROM section at $1000
Onboard 6530s6530-003
A9+A8 = 1100000000 = 300H to 1100111111 = 33FH
(K5) $1400+$300 Start the IO for 6530-003 at $1700.
(K5) $1400+$33F End the IO for 6530-003 at $173F
6530-002
A9+A8+A6 =1101000000=340H to 1101111111=37FH
(K5) $1400+$340 Start the IO for 6530-002 at $1740
(k5) $1400+$37F End the IO for 6530-002 at $177F
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Bread Board 6530-0026530-003
A9+A8=1100000000 =300H to 1100111111=33FH
(K2) $0800+$300 Start the IO for 6530-003 at $0B00.
(K2) $1400+$33F End the IO for 6530-003 at $0B3F
6530-002
A9+A8+A6=1101000000=340H to 1101111111=37FH
(K2) $1400+$340 Start the IO for 6530-002 at $0B40
(K2) $1400+$37F End the IO for 6530-002 at $0B7F
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This is the ROM of 6530-002 breadboard being accessed at $1000 (85)
The now working KIM-1:
The late Andrew Jacobs set up a web site with relevant 6502 information. It is lost now.
This site is reproduced here. Scripts and links are removed, it is clean code now.
Also have a look at his github archive, it is still up.
Enter the local hosted Andrew Jacobs 6502 site here!
A couple of weeks I published the KIM-1 Circuit Diagram in high resolution, cleaned up by Joshy of Forum64.
Since then I saw people print the poster, and I did have myself made a mouse mat and a poster in KIM-1 format.
To let the printing company do its work I made two new versions of the poster:
- KIM-1 Circuit Diagram in high resolution, cleaned up by Joshy of Forum64 and cleaned up again by me (year 1975, some artefacts
- KIM-1 Circuit Diagram in high resolution, cleaned up with wide borders (for canvas prints)
Look at the KIM-1 Manuals page for those new, large files images.
