post

6502 analyzer: what CPU is this?

With the Chinese changing the prints on the IC’s, one can never be sure with a 6502 which it is. I have for example perfectly good working 6502s, which were labeled as 6502 but were in fact R65C02. SO a way to check which 6502 really it is there would be fine. So i resurrected a project I had the PCBs made for in 2021.
User kinzi at forum64.de designed a nice solution to check a 6502 for type: the 6502 analyzer.
The analyzer is a minimal 6502 (the CPU under test!) system with a 1 MHz clock circuit, ROM and RAM and a latched 8 LED array to show the result.
If any of the LEDs light up after a RESET, it is a working 6502!

The 6502 analyzer V2 has a lousy power on/reset facility. Therefore it requires some jiggling to get a test result. Some 6502s, who are fine in other testers, even do not like this tester and all LEDs light up. A smooth poweron/reset facility would be a great improvement and better latch circuit for the LEDs and make this tester usable. I did not try Version 3.

Meaning of the LEDs


Label

OFF

ON

CMOS NMOS or 65816 CMOS
65816 NMOS 6502 65816
ROR no ROR ROR OK
DEC No Decimal mode RICO 2A03 Decimal Mode OK
6280 HuC6280

65C02 WD65C02 G65SC02, NCR 65C02, SY65C02 Rockwell R65C02 or WD65C02S (after 1984)

740 Mitusbishi Renesas 740
740md 740 with MUL/DIV


In short:

  1. No LED lit up after RESET: not a 6502 type
  2. NMOS 6502: LED DEC will light
  3. For early NMOS 6502 ROR indicator will also light
  4. for CMOS, see table, one or more LEDs indicate

I have build the V2 version with V2 software. Version 3 has improved address decoding with an update to the firmware (important for the 1541 version and Hudson detection).

Download here the V2 and V3 gerbers and software. The design is for non-commercial use designed by kinzi.

reverse engineered circuit diagram from PCB, may contain errors

Gerber view of Revision 2

Bill Of Materials for Version 2.


Remarks

  1. I have used a pin connector 2x for the Sally and power connector.
  2. The resistor values for the LEDs are lowered to 470 ohm, so I could use normal LEDs from my junkbox.
  3. Since I did not have the right resistor packs in stock I have build a ‘pack’ with normal resistors.

3D printed case
User mega-hz designed a case for the analyzer.
Here the 3D design files, scad an stl format.

Original text by kinzi:

===============
 6502 Analyzer
===============

Kinzi Design - Copyright 2021, 2022.
Free for non-commercial use.
See English text below.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Eine unentgeltliche Weitergabe der Unterlagen ist ausdrücklich gestattet, 
sofern immer das ganze Archiv mit allen Informationen und nicht nur z. B. 
die Gerber-Dateien weitergegeben werden. Alle Informationen werden nur zu 
Amateur- und Schulungszwecken bereitgestellt. Jegliche Haftung ist 
ausgeschlossen. Nachbau auf eigene Gefahr.

Wer das Projekt erweitern/ausbauen möchte, kann dies gerne auf Basis dieser
Informationen hier tun, so lange die originalen Sourcen, Informationen usw.
beigelegt und angeführt werden. NOCHMALS: Bitte immer das ganze ZIP 
weitergeben, nicht nur Teile davon!

Das ist die Standalone-Variante des 6502 Analyzers. Er stellt ein minimales
6502-System dar, bestehend aus CPU (= dem Testobjekt), 2 kB RAM, 8 kB ROM,
Takt-Generator, Adressdekodierungslogik und "I/O-Port". Die Memory-Map ist
dem  Quellcode zu entnehmen; sie unterscheidet sich von der einer 1541.

Der vorliegende Code kann mit ACME übersetzt werden. Das resultierene BIN-
File kann in ein EPROM (2764) gebrannt und in den 6502 Analyzer gesteckt 
werden. Der Code funktioniert nicht im Adapter für die 1541, bitte dazu
den "6502 Analyzer 1541" verwenden!

Der Code stammt nicht von mir, sondern von der Webseite 

http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=2263

Ich habe ihn lediglich um eine Ausgabe des Werts auf dem "I/O-Port" des
6502 Analyzers erweitert.

Die "BOM" ist dem Bestückungsaufdruck der Platine zu entnehmen. Als LEDs 
sind "Super-Bright-LEDs" (2 mA-Typen) zu verwenden; für konventionelle LEDs
müsste das Widerstandsnetzwerk auf 330 Ohm oder weniger verkleinert werden.

Ein Schaltplan existiert nicht; wer wissen möchte, wie ein 6502 mit RAM und
ROM verschaltet wird, möge in einen 1541-Schaltplan schauen. Die für die 
Generierung der Chip-Selects durch den 74LS00 notwendigen Gleichungen sind
im Sourcecode zu finden.

Der "I/O-Port" besteht aus einen einfachen 74LS374 Latch, welcher die Daten
vom Datenbus mit der steigenden Flanke des Chip-Selects übernimmt. Die R/W-
Leitung ist NICHT verbunden, der '374 latcht die Daten vom Datenbus auch, 
wenn von ihm "gelesen"(!) wird. Da das Lesen von einem Latch-Eingang 
sowieso sinnfrei ist, ist das zu verschmerzen. Mehr noch, dieser Umstand wird
benutzt, um die LEDs blinken zu lassen, auch wenn kein R/W von einem "Sally"
angeschlossen ist (siehe unten).

Der 6502 Analyzer Rev. 3 führt beim Einschalten jetzt einen sauberen Reset
durch, dieser dauert ca. eine Sekunde. Notfalls ist per eingebautem Reset-
Taster von Hand das System zu resetten. Spätestens dann wird das Programm
aus dem EPROM ausgeführt, welches die Erkennung durchführt, das Ergebnis
auf dem LED-Port ausgibt und anschließend die LEDs in einer Endlosschleife
blinken lässt.

Dies alles wurde aus Gründen der Einfachheit bewusst so gestaltet. :-)

Die Bedeutung der LEDs ist:

Bit 0 - "CMOS":  aus = NMOS 6502 oder 65816 (s. u.)    ein = CMOS-CPU
Bit 1 - "65816": aus = NMOS 6502                       ein = 65816
Bit 2 - "ROROK": aus = ROR-Bug (NMOS 6502 Urversion)   ein = ROR-Befehl OK
Bit 3 - "DECOK": aus = kein Dezimalmode (Ricoh 2A03)   ein = DEC-Mode OK
Bit 4 - "6280":  ein = Hudson Soft HuC6280 CPU         aus = kein HuC6280
Bit 5 - "65C02": aus = WDC W65SC02 (1978), G65SC02, NCR65C02, SY65C02
                 ein = Rockwell R65C02 oder WDC W65C02S (1984-heute)
Bit 6 - "740":   ein = Mistubishi/Renesas 740 CPU      aus = kein 740
Bit 7 - "740MD": ein = 740 CPU mit MUL/DIV-Befehlen    aus = kein MUL/DIV

Es sind alle 6502-Varianten inkl. W65C02S direkt im Sockel ohne irgendwelche
Anpassungen verwendbar. Lediglich ein 6502C "Sally" wird nicht erkannt, 
abhängig vom Einschaltzustand des SRAMs bleiben die LEDs dunkel oder es 
blinken alle acht, da R/W beim "Sally" auf einem anderen Pin liegt (36 statt
34) und daher keine (Zwischen-) Ergebnisse ins RAM geschrieben werden 
können. Sollte sich daher der Verdacht erhärten, einen "Sally" im ZIF-
Sockel zu haben, kann mit dem einzigen Jumper "Sally" auf der Platine das 
R/W des Sally auf Pin 34 gebrückt werden. Dann sollte auch ein Sally korrekt
erkannt werden.

Für den Normalbetrieb mit allen anderen Varianten ist dieser Jumper NICHT zu
stecken!

ABSCHLUSSHINWEIS:

Bitte KEINE 6502-Derivate mit abweichendem Pinout (6510, 8500, 8501, 8502,
Mikrocontroller mit 6502-Kern, usw.) im 6502-Analyzer testen! DAS WIRD NICHT
funktionieren, wird aber das IC und/oder den 6502-Analyzer möglicherweise
ZERSTÖREN!

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Spreading this information on a non-profit base is welcome, as long as the
whole archive including all information (and not only the Gerber files, for
instance) is shared. All information is provided for amateur or educational
purposes only. No warranty, use at your own risk.

If you want to modify/expand the project, feel free to do so based on these
information, as long as you provide the original sources, information, etc.
with your extensions. Again: Always provide THE WHOLE ZIP, not only parts.

This is the standalone 6502 Analyzer variant, representing a minimal 6502
system, consisting of CPU (the IC to test), 2 kB RAM, 8 kB ROM, clock 
generator, address decoder and "I/O port". The memory map can be found inside
the fairly documented source code, it differs from the one of a 1541.

The enclosed source code can be assembled with ACME. The resulting BIN file
can be programmed into an EPROM (2764) for use with the standalone version
of 6502-Analyzer. Again, this code will NOT work with a 1541, use version
"6502-Analyzer-1541" for that purpose.

The code is not my work but taken from 

http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=2263

I've just added an output of the result to "I/O port" of the standalone
6502-Analyzer.

The "BOM" can be found printed on the PCB. Please use "super bright" grade
LEDs (2 mA), for conventional LEDs the resistor network would have to be 
lowered to 330 ohms or less.

Schematics do NOT exist. If you want to know how the 6502 is connected to
RAM and ROM, please have a look inside the 1541 schematics. Equations for
chip selects generated by the 74LS00 can be found inside the source code.

The "I/O port" is a simple 74LS374 latch which latches data on the rising
edge of the chip select. There is no R/W connected to the latch, it is 
latching data from the data bus even when it's read from(!). Since reading
from a latch input(!) is rather senseless this can be simply ignored. In 
fact, this is used for blinking the LEDs even with no R/W present from a
"Sally" (see below).

The standalone 6502-Analyzer Rev. 3 performs a proper reset on power up.
This will take about one second, if it fails just use the onboard RESET
button for a "reset by hand". Finally the code will run from the EPROM, 
which is performing the CPU analysis, showing the result on the LED port
and finally ending in a loop blinking the 1541's drive LED.

This is all to keep it really simple. :-)

The meaning of the LEDs is as follows:

Bit 0 - "CMOS":  off = NMOS 6502 or 65816              on  = CMOS-CPU
Bit 1 - "65816": off = NMOS 6502                       on  = 65816
Bit 2 - "ROROK": off = ROR bug (NMOS 6502 first rev)   on  = ROR opcode OK
Bit 3 - "DECOK": off = no decimal mode (= Ricoh 2A03)  on  = DEC mode OK
Bit 4 - "6280":  on  = Hudson Soft HuC6280 CPU         off = no HuC6280
Bit 5 - "65C02": off = WDC W65SC02 (1978), G65SC02, NCR65C02, SY65C02
                 on  = Rockwell R65C02 or WDC W65C02S (1984-today)
Bit 6 - "740":   on  = Mistubishi/Renesas 740 CPU      off = no 740
Bit 7 - "740MD": on  = 740 CPU with MUL/DIV opcodes    off = no MUL/DIV

All common 6502 variants should work, including W65C02S, without changes to
the setup. A 6502C "Sally" will not be recognized, depending on the state of
the SRAM at power up the LEDs will remain dark or all eight might be blinking,
because of the different R/W pin the Sally is using (36 instead of 34). So no
values from the test routines can be written to RAM. If you suppose to have
a Sally in you socket, you might want to close the jumper labelled "Sally" on
the board, this will fix the R/W routing and even Sally should work now.

For all other variants DO NOT CLOSE this jumper!

FINAL NOTE:

Please do not use 6502 derivates with different pinouts (6510, 8500, 8501,
8502, micro controllers with 6502 core, etc. etc.). THIS WILL NOT WORK and
will possibly DAMAGE you CPU and/or the 6502-Analyzer.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Commodore Chessmate by Stephen Crane

Stephen Crane designed a Chessmate hardware emulator some time ago.

He updated his archive on github with a PCB for a low cost variant.

post

KEMPAC SYSTEM Microcomputers

Under the name KEMPAC SYSTEM Eurocards and Microcomputers for Industrial Automation a 19 inch rack system was developed in the 80ties around the 6502 by the (of TMX fame) Kuipers Electronic Engineering B.V., Zwijndrecht

Gerben Voort has acquired such a system and has shared these photos. In the future I hope to scan the documentation.

Kempas was developed by Kuipers Electronic Engineering bv. te Zwijndrecht

From a linkedin link:

Michiel Cornelissen
Afstudeeropdracht bij Kuipers Electronic Engineering bv. te Zwijndrecht: ”Van KEMPAC tot Applicatie; Opzetten van de workshop voor het ontwikkelen van applicaties met behulp van het KEMPAC systeem. Naast de technische ook de didactische aspecten onderzocht.

Directeur Peter-Paul Kuipers van Kuipers Electronic Engineering (TMX) overleed onverwachts op 24 juni 2022. Nu heeft het bedrijf surseance van betaling aangevraagd. © Kuipers Electronic Engineering (TMX)
Directeur Peter-Paul Kuipers van Kuipers Electronic Engineering (TMX) overleed onverwachts op 24 juni 2022. Nu heeft het bedrijf surseance van betaling aangevraagd.
Dubbel drama voor bedrijf: directeur overleden en nu ook financiële problemen
De dertig medewerkers van Kuipers Electronic Engineering (TMX) in Zwijndrecht maken in korte tijd twee drama’s mee.

André Oerlemans
In juni overleed onverwachts hun directeur Peter-Paul Kuipers. Nu heeft zijn broer Robert surseance van betaling moeten aanvragen. Bewindvoerder Jeroen Schras heeft tot november de tijd om het bedrijf te redden. Ondertussen wordt er doorgewerkt.

Het bedrijf aan de Houtkoperstraat bestaat sinds 1976 en levert tele-monitoring voor installaties, waterlopen, bruggen en tunnels.

Improved keypad case and button

The DIY KIM-1 keypad case and button 3D designs have been slightly improved:

The case has a small cutout around the top edges as the original.

The button has some ribbles as the original has.

A second white KIM-1 enters the collection

After cleaning up and repairing the keyboard of a white KIM-1 Rev D I found a second one, as new!

MTU K-1013 FDC with CODOS emulation added to the KIM-1 Simulator.

MTU K-1013 FDC emulation added to the KIM-1 Simulator.

Eduardo Casino added the FDC support. Now not only the SD Shield but also the upd765 based FDC support allows to run CP/M-65 and the native CODOS for KIM-1 operating systems.

CODOS on the K-1013 FDC

CODOS is the operating system developed by MTU for their K-1013 based computer systems.

Eduardo Casino reverse engineered CODOS for the KIM-1 form teh MTU-130 based CODOS V2

And now Eduardo has ported a version special to the KIM-1 Simulator with K-`013 simulation. See CODOS on his github archive.

The main changes are to support the KIM-1 Simulator character I/O, using the ACIA simulation instead of low level KIM-1, for non-blocking character input.

How to start CODOS

To start using the K-1013 FDC go to the menu settings.

  1. Enable MTU K-1013 emulation
  2. Copy the folder from the KIM-1 Simulator setup distribution archive called K-1013 to your disk.
  3. Choose the Disk images directory pointing to the folder K-1013. You will see the files on Disk 0 etc filled in, DSK files are for operating systems like CODOS
  4. Make sure the first disk mounted is codos17.imd. The IMD files are in the K-1013 folder.

Now you start CODOS.

  1. Load the file bootrom.bin into memory with File – Load file in Memory – binary. Start address $FF00
    The file is in the K-1013 folder.
  2. Start the console by pressing the TTY Console button on the main window\
  3. Start the Simulator by pressing Run/Stop button
  4. Start CODOS with
    FF00 G
    and see the CODOS prompt.
    Note that this boot program gets overwritten by CP/M-65, so you have to load it again after a reset.

Working with disks

The disks, stored in files with type .imd are in the K-1013 folder. You can mount/dismount/create disks from the Settings screen.
You can have as many as four.

On the Settings screen the disks mounts are shown. Click on the name of a mounted disk or an empty Mount, to go to the Mount Disk dialog. Mount/Dismount here, in Write or read Only mode.

Press the the three … next to the field Image file to select or create a disk image.
Press New and you get the New diskimage dialog.


There is also the IMU utility in CP/M-65 to work with disks: mount/unmount, list the directory of the K-1013 folder. create/delete and copy.

The option switch

The option switch does this:

It just sets bit 6 in the HSR. For example, the boot PROM can use it to decide whether to boot the OS or just follow the normal KIM 1 boot procedure.

CP/M-65 on the K-1013 FDC

CP/M-65 is a native port of Digital Research’s seminal 1977 operating system CP/M to the 6502.
Developed by David Given. Ported to many 6502 systems, see the original github archive.

Currently you can cross-assemble programs from a PC, as well as a working C toolchain with llvm-mos. For native development, there’s a basic assembler, a couple of editors, a BASIC, and a byte-compiled Pascal subset and interpreter.

Eduardo Casino ported CP/M-65 to the KIM-1 with an MTU K-1013 FDC, directly connected SD card module, the 1541 drive or Corsham Technology SD CARD/RTC Shield.
And now Eduardo has ported a version special to the KIM-1 Simulator with SD Card/RTC Shield simulation. See his fork of CP/M-65 on his github archive. Several branches are available, development versions with a.o. the KIM-1 Simulator version.
The main changes are to support the KIM-1 Simulator character I/O, using the ACIA simulation instead of low level KIM-1, for non-blocking character input.

How to start CP/M-65

To start using the K-1013 FDC go to the menu settings.

  1. Enable MTU K-1013 emulation
  2. Copy the folder from the KIM-1 Simulator setup distribution archive called K-1013 to your disk.
  3. Choose the Disk images directory pointing to the folder K-1013. You will see the files on Disk 0 etc filled in, DSK files are for operating systems like CP-M/65
  4. Make sure the first disk mounted is diskimage.imd. The IMD files are in the K-1013 folder.

Now you start CP/M-65.

  1. Load the file boot.pap into memory with File – Load file in Memory – papertape.
    The file is in the K-1013 folder.

  2. Start the console by pressing the TTY Console button on the main window
  3. Start the Simulator by pressing Run/Stop button
  4. Start CP/M with
    0200 G
    and see the CP/M-65 prompt.
    Note that this boot program gets overwritten by CP/M-65, so you have to load it again after a reset.

Working with disks

The disks, stored in files with type .imd are in the K-1013 folder. You can mount/dismount/create disks from the Settings screen.
You can have as many as four.

On the Settings screen the disks mounts are shown. Click on the name of a mounted disk or an empy Mount, to go to the Mount Disk dialog. Mount/Dismount here, in Write or read Only mode.

Press the the three … next to the field Image file to select or create a disk image.
Press New and you get the New diskimage dialog.


There is also the IMU utility in CP/M-65 to work with disks from within CP/M-65: mount/unmount, list the directory of the K-1013 folder. create/delete and copy.

Example session

KIM                                                   
0200 D8                                               
KIM                                                   
0200 D8 G                                             
                                                      
CP/M-65 for the KIM-1                                 
                                                      
A>dir                                                 
A: SCRVT100 COM : IMU      COM                        
A: IMU      TXT : SYS      COM                        
A: PASC     PAS : ASM      TXT                        
A: HELLO    ASM : DEMO     SUB                        
A: ASM      COM : ATTR     COM                        
A: BEDIT    COM : CAPSDRV  COM                        
A: COPY     COM : CPUINFO  COM                        
A: DEVICES  COM : DINFO    COM                        
A: DUMP     COM : LS       COM                        
A: STAT     COM : SUBMIT   COM                        
A: MORE     COM : BEDIT    ASM                        
A: BEDIT    TXT : DUMP     ASM                        
A: LS       ASM : CPM65    INC                        
A: DRIVERS  INC : ATBASIC  COM                        
A: ATBASIC  TXT : OBJDUMP  COM                        
A: MKFS     COM : ADM3ADRV COM                        
A: ADM3ATST COM : CLS      COM                        
A: LIFE     COM : QE       COM                        
A: SCRNTEST COM : VT52DRV  COM                        
A: VT52TEST COM : KBDTEST  COM                        
A: MBROT    COM : DS       COM                        
A: DS       TXT : PINT     COM                        
A: PASC     OBB : PLOAD    COM                        
A: HELLO    PAS : IMU3     TXT                        
A: HELLO    SYM                                       
                                                      
A>pint PASC.OBB PASC.PAS PASC.OBS                     
Pascal-M interpreter for CP/M-65: B66F bytes free     
Pascal-M compiler V2k1 for CP/M-65                    
Processing: writeerr                                  
Processing: beginlin                                  
Processing: endline                                   
Processing: error                                     
Processing: stringsi                                  
Processing: nextchar                                  
Processing: insymbol                                  
Processing: enterid                                   
Processing: searchse                                  
Processing: searchid                                  
Processing: getbound                                  
Processing: hexout                                    
Processing: writeout                                  
Processing: bytegen                                   
Processing: wordgen                                   
Processing: genujpen                                  
Processing: plantwor                                  
Processing: skip                                      
Processing: test1                                     
Processing: test2                                     
Processing: intest                                    
Processing: constant                                  
Processing: comptype                                  
Processing: isstring                                  
Processing: simplety                                  
Processing: fieldlis                                  
Processing: typ                                       
Processing: constdec                                  
Processing: typedecl                                  
Processing: vardecla                                  
Processing: paramete                                  
Processing: procdecl                                  
Processing: ldcigen                                   
Processing: ldagen                                    
Processing: lodgen                                    
Processing: condgen                                   
Processing: loadsetc                                  
Processing: cspgen                                    
Processing: incgen                                    
Processing: load                                      
Processing: store                                     
Processing: loadaddr                                  
Processing: falsejum                                  
Processing: calluser                                  
Processing: selector                                  
Processing: variable                                  
Processing: processt                                  
Processing: readproc                                  
Processing: processt                                  
Processing: writepro                                  
Processing: newstate                                  
Processing: releases                                  
Processing: resetrew                                  
Processing: closepro                                  
Processing: assignpr                                  
Processing: getcomma                                  
Processing: ordfunc                                   
Processing: succfunc                                  
Processing: predfunc                                  
Processing: chrfunc                                   
Processing: oddfunc                                   
Processing: eofeolns                                  
Processing: callnons                                  
Processing: call                                      
Processing: opgen                                     
Processing: setexpre                                  
Processing: factor                                    
Processing: term                                      
Processing: simpleex                                  
Processing: expressi                                  
Processing: assignme                                  
Processing: compound                                  
Processing: ifstatem                                  
Processing: casestat                                  
Processing: repeatst                                  
Processing: whilesta                                  
Processing: forstate                                  
Processing: statemen                                  
Processing: body                                      
Processing: block                                     
Processing: stdnames                                  
Processing: enterstd                                  
Processing: enterstn                                  
Processing: enterund                                  
Processing: initiali                                  
Processing: compileh                                  
Processing: compilep                                  
Processing: skipspac                                  
Processing: getword                                   
Processing: findend                                   
Processing: openfile                                  
Processing: closefil                                  
Processing: dumperro                                  
Processing: cpascalm                                  
Compilation successful.                               
No compilation errors PASC.PAS                        
                                                      
A>pload PASC.OBS PASC.OBB                             
Opening input file...                                 
Opening output file...                                
Reading OBP...                                        
Seen 94 procedures                                    
Writing output file...                                
Closing output file...                                
Success.                                              
A>type HELLO.PAS                                      
program HelloWorld;                                   
                                                      
begin                                                 
    writeln('Hello from Pascal!')                     
end.                                                  
                                                      
A>                                                    
A>pint PASC.OBB HELLO.PAS HELLO.OBS                   
Pascal-M interpreter for CP/M-65: B66F bytes free     
Pascal-M compiler V2k1 for CP/M-65                    
Processing: hellowor                                  
Compilation successful.                               
No compilation errors HELLO.PAS                       
                                                      
B>A:pload A:HELLO.OBS HELLO.OBB                       
Opening input file...                                 
Opening output file...                                
Reading OBP...                                        
Seen 1 procedures                                     
Writing output file...                                
Closing output file...                                
Success.                                              
B>A:pint HELLO.OBB                                    
Pascal-M interpreter for CP/M-65: B66F bytes free     
Hello from Pascal!                                    
                                                      
B>                                                    

MTU K-1013 FDC Simulation

The emulation of the MTU K-1013 floppy Disk controller card allow you to use the CODOS and CP/M65 operating systems on the KIM-1 Simulator.
Read here all about the actual K-1013 card, incluidng a real replica by Eduardo Casino.

Replica by Eduardo Casino

The K-1013 emulation uses the same resources as the K-1013 card, but onlky if enabled.

The supporting files for the K-1013 are in the folder K-1013 and contain:

boot.pap
bootrom.bin
codos17.imd
diskimage.imd
mounts.cfg
t.txt

The usage of these files is explained on this page. You can add any file there at wish.

To start using the K-1013 go to the menu settings.

  1. Enable K-1013 emulation
  2. Copy the folder from the KIM-1 Simulator setup distribution archive called K-1013 to your disk.
  3. Choose the Disk images directory pointing to the folder K-1013. You will see the files on Disk 0 etc filled in, IMD files are for operating systems like CP-M/65 and CODOS. See below.
  4. Put the KIM-1 in TTY mode on the main window and start the emulator. The usual KIM prompt will appear and you are in the KIM-1 monitor.

Now you either start CP/M-65 or CODOS.

B.E.M. 6502 RAM VIA system

Photos of a BEM system, by Gerben Voort
Gerben Voort acquired a 6502 system and made photos of the system. A backplane, the BEM bus, a 6502 based CPU card, a double VIA card, a battery backed up memory card.