All information on the R65 and the emulator of this computer on the github archive of Rene Richarz, a work in progress!
Including sources and full documentation.

Original Job computer built 1977-1979
The R65 computer has been built 1977-1979 by Rene Richarztogether with Rudolf Baumann, who has built his own JOB computer at the same time with similar hardware. The picture above shows the open JOB computer. The original R65 computer has not survived. The floppy disks have also not survived.

Hardware specifications of the original R65 Computer:
– 6502 8-bit microprocessor
– 1 MHz clock speed
– 17 kByte, 33 kByte, 49 kByte RAM (expanded 2 times between 1977 an 1979)
– 2 kByte graphics RAM
– 10 kByte ROM
– 40 x 16 char monochrome display
– 224 x 118 dot monochrome graphics display (switchable with char display)
– 2 floppy disk drives. Formatted capacity 199680 bytes each.
– Interfaces: Teletype, RS232, parallel printer, audio tape, golf-ball typewriter, tv

More on the R65 system here!

All information on the R65 and the emulator of this computer on the github archive of Rene Richarz, a work in progress!

Original Job computer built 1977-1979
The R65 computer has been built 1977-1979 by Rene Richarztogether with Rudolf Baumann, who has built his own JOB computer at the same time with similar hardware. The picture above shows the open JOB computer. The original R65 computer has not survived. The floppy disks have also not survived.

Rene Richarz (left) and a guest looking at the R65 system

Hardware specifications of the original R65 Computer:
– 6502 8-bit microprocessor
– 1 MHz clock speed
– 17 kByte, 33 kByte, 49 kByte RAM (expanded 2 times between 1977 an 1979)
– 2 kByte graphics RAM
– 10 kByte ROM
– 40 x 16 char monochrome display
– 224 x 118 dot monochrome graphics display (switchable with char display)
– 2 floppy disk drives. Formatted capacity 199680 bytes each.
– Interfaces: Teletype, RS232, parallel printer, audio tape, golf-ball typewriter, tv

Most of the original 6502 assembler programs have been written by Rene Richarz 1977 – 1980, some of them based on code snippets found in publications. They have been modified and improved up to 1982 by Rudolf Baumann for his hardware. Thanks to him for keeping his hardware (not functional anymore) and printed program listings up to today. The program listings have been scanned and digitized 2018 by Rene Richarz.

The main software includes the original KIM-1 ROM and 4 modules, which were burned on EPROMS at that time. These modules are:

– A system monitor module, which is executed at startup
– A disk controller module, which handles the access to the floppy drives
– A IO controller module, which handles other IO
– A CRT controller module, which handles the display

These 4 modules run in their original version, with the exception of a few minor bug fixes.

Emulator
The software also includes an extended disk operating system module (EXDOS), which has been modified substantially. A number of commands have been added to the emulator version of the extended disk operating system module. They allow to import and export serial data files to and from the Linux operating system and to “change floppy disks”. The emulator emulates 2 floppy drives as in the original system, but can handle an unlimited number of floppy disks.

The original text editor has not been implemented, because it must be considered very user unfriendly given todays standards. Instead, using the “edit” command of EXDOS, the file to edit is automatically exported to the Linux file system, and the Linux text editor “mousepad” is called. Once mousepad is quit, the edited file is imported automatically back into the R65 file system. This happens automatically and very quickly.

Please note that even so the emulator includes the original KIM-1 ROM, it is NOT a KIM-1 emulator. Only the KIM-1 hardware required for the operation of the R65 computer system is emulated in the emulator.

The emulator uses a very nice 6502 emulation module written 2011 by Mike Chambers (miker00lz@gmail.com). The look and feel of the emulated system is very similar to the original. But everything is much faster.

The original R65 computer included a BASIC interpreter, and an improved Tiny Pascal compiler. The R65 Pascal system, which was quite powerful for a 8-bit microprocessor at that time, and the BASIC interpreter have been reconstructed.

The floating point subroutines of the R65 Pascal system were published in Dr. Dobbs Journal, Volume 1, Number 7, August 1976, page 17 by Steve Wozniak.

It is easy to compile and run the emulator on any Debian system. The installation is well described.
You may have some trouble with the font installation, the script failed for me on bot the Raspberry as Debian Linux X86 due to protection errors. I copied the fints by hand and set the file protection to read for the world.

The case has a small cutout around the top edges as the original.

The button has some ribbles as the original has.

Eduardo Casino added the FDC support. Now not only the SD Shield but also the upd765 based FDC support allows to run CP/M-65 and the native CODOS for KIM-1 operating systems.

Eduardo Casino reverse engineered CODOS for the KIM-1 form teh MTU-130 based CODOS V2

And now Eduardo has ported a version special to the KIM-1 Simulator with K-`013 simulation. See CODOS on his github archive.

The main changes are to support the KIM-1 Simulator character I/O, using the ACIA simulation instead of low level KIM-1, for non-blocking character input.

How to start CODOS

To start using the K-1013 FDC go to the menu settings.

1. Enable MTU K-1013 emulation
2. Copy the folder from the KIM-1 Simulator setup distribution archive called K-1013 to your disk.
3. Choose the Disk images directory pointing to the folder K-1013. You will see the files on Disk 0 etc filled in, DSK files are for operating systems like CODOS

Make sure the first disk mounted is codos17.imd. The IMD files are in the K-1013 folder.

Now you start CODOS.

1. Load the file bootrom.bin into memory with File – Load file in Memory – binary. Start address $FF00
   The file is in the K-1013 folder.
2. Start the console by pressing the TTY Console button on the main window\
3. Start the Simulator by pressing Run/Stop button
4. Start CODOS with
   FF00 G
   and see the CODOS prompt.
   Note that this boot program gets overwritten by CP/M-65, so you have to load it again after a reset.

Working with disks

The disks, stored in files with type .imd are in the K-1013 folder. You can mount/dismount/create disks from the Settings screen.
You can have as many as four.

On the Settings screen the disks mounts are shown. Click on the name of a mounted disk or an empty Mount, to go to the Mount Disk dialog. Mount/Dismount here, in Write or read Only mode.

Press the the three … next to the field Image file to select or create a disk image.
Press New and you get the New diskimage dialog.

There is also the IMU utility in CP/M-65 to work with disks: mount/unmount, list the directory of the K-1013 folder. create/delete and copy.

The option switch

The option switch does this:

It just sets bit 6 in the HSR. For example, the boot PROM can use it to decide whether to boot the OS or just follow the normal KIM 1 boot procedure.

Currently you can cross-assemble programs from a PC, as well as a working C toolchain with llvm-mos. For native development, there’s a basic assembler, a couple of editors, a BASIC, and a byte-compiled Pascal subset and interpreter.

Eduardo Casino ported CP/M-65 to the KIM-1 with an MTU K-1013 FDC, directly connected SD card module, the 1541 drive or Corsham Technology SD CARD/RTC Shield.
And now Eduardo has ported a version special to the KIM-1 Simulator with SD Card/RTC Shield simulation. See his fork of CP/M-65 on his github archive. Several branches are available, development versions with a.o. the KIM-1 Simulator version.
The main changes are to support the KIM-1 Simulator character I/O, using the ACIA simulation instead of low level KIM-1, for non-blocking character input.

How to start CP/M-65

To start using the K-1013 FDC go to the menu settings.

1. Enable MTU K-1013 emulation
2. Copy the folder from the KIM-1 Simulator setup distribution archive called K-1013 to your disk.
3. Choose the Disk images directory pointing to the folder K-1013. You will see the files on Disk 0 etc filled in, DSK files are for operating systems like CP-M/65

Make sure the first disk mounted is diskimage.imd. The IMD files are in the K-1013 folder.

Now you start CP/M-65.

1. 

   Load the file boot.pap into memory with File – Load file in Memory – papertape.
   The file is in the K-1013 folder.

2. Start the console by pressing the TTY Console button on the main window
3. Start the Simulator by pressing Run/Stop button
4. Start CP/M with
   0200 G
   and see the CP/M-65 prompt.
   Note that this boot program gets overwritten by CP/M-65, so you have to load it again after a reset.
   
   

Working with disks

The disks, stored in files with type .imd are in the K-1013 folder. You can mount/dismount/create disks from the Settings screen.
You can have as many as four.

On the Settings screen the disks mounts are shown. Click on the name of a mounted disk or an empy Mount, to go to the Mount Disk dialog. Mount/Dismount here, in Write or read Only mode.

Press the the three … next to the field Image file to select or create a disk image.
Press New and you get the New diskimage dialog.

There is also the IMU utility in CP/M-65 to work with disks from within CP/M-65: mount/unmount, list the directory of the K-1013 folder. create/delete and copy.

Example session

KIM                                                   
0200 D8                                               
KIM                                                   
0200 D8 G                                             
                                                      
CP/M-65 for the KIM-1                                 
                                                      
A>dir                                                 
A: SCRVT100 COM : IMU      COM                        
A: IMU      TXT : SYS      COM                        
A: PASC     PAS : ASM      TXT                        
A: HELLO    ASM : DEMO     SUB                        
A: ASM      COM : ATTR     COM                        
A: BEDIT    COM : CAPSDRV  COM                        
A: COPY     COM : CPUINFO  COM                        
A: DEVICES  COM : DINFO    COM                        
A: DUMP     COM : LS       COM                        
A: STAT     COM : SUBMIT   COM                        
A: MORE     COM : BEDIT    ASM                        
A: BEDIT    TXT : DUMP     ASM                        
A: LS       ASM : CPM65    INC                        
A: DRIVERS  INC : ATBASIC  COM                        
A: ATBASIC  TXT : OBJDUMP  COM                        
A: MKFS     COM : ADM3ADRV COM                        
A: ADM3ATST COM : CLS      COM                        
A: LIFE     COM : QE       COM                        
A: SCRNTEST COM : VT52DRV  COM                        
A: VT52TEST COM : KBDTEST  COM                        
A: MBROT    COM : DS       COM                        
A: DS       TXT : PINT     COM                        
A: PASC     OBB : PLOAD    COM                        
A: HELLO    PAS : IMU3     TXT                        
A: HELLO    SYM                                       
                                                      
A>pint PASC.OBB PASC.PAS PASC.OBS                     
Pascal-M interpreter for CP/M-65: B66F bytes free     
Pascal-M compiler V2k1 for CP/M-65                    
Processing: writeerr                                  
Processing: beginlin                                  
Processing: endline                                   
Processing: error                                     
Processing: stringsi                                  
Processing: nextchar                                  
Processing: insymbol                                  
Processing: enterid                                   
Processing: searchse                                  
Processing: searchid                                  
Processing: getbound                                  
Processing: hexout                                    
Processing: writeout                                  
Processing: bytegen                                   
Processing: wordgen                                   
Processing: genujpen                                  
Processing: plantwor                                  
Processing: skip                                      
Processing: test1                                     
Processing: test2                                     
Processing: intest                                    
Processing: constant                                  
Processing: comptype                                  
Processing: isstring                                  
Processing: simplety                                  
Processing: fieldlis                                  
Processing: typ                                       
Processing: constdec                                  
Processing: typedecl                                  
Processing: vardecla                                  
Processing: paramete                                  
Processing: procdecl                                  
Processing: ldcigen                                   
Processing: ldagen                                    
Processing: lodgen                                    
Processing: condgen                                   
Processing: loadsetc                                  
Processing: cspgen                                    
Processing: incgen                                    
Processing: load                                      
Processing: store                                     
Processing: loadaddr                                  
Processing: falsejum                                  
Processing: calluser                                  
Processing: selector                                  
Processing: variable                                  
Processing: processt                                  
Processing: readproc                                  
Processing: processt                                  
Processing: writepro                                  
Processing: newstate                                  
Processing: releases                                  
Processing: resetrew                                  
Processing: closepro                                  
Processing: assignpr                                  
Processing: getcomma                                  
Processing: ordfunc                                   
Processing: succfunc                                  
Processing: predfunc                                  
Processing: chrfunc                                   
Processing: oddfunc                                   
Processing: eofeolns                                  
Processing: callnons                                  
Processing: call                                      
Processing: opgen                                     
Processing: setexpre                                  
Processing: factor                                    
Processing: term                                      
Processing: simpleex                                  
Processing: expressi                                  
Processing: assignme                                  
Processing: compound                                  
Processing: ifstatem                                  
Processing: casestat                                  
Processing: repeatst                                  
Processing: whilesta                                  
Processing: forstate                                  
Processing: statemen                                  
Processing: body                                      
Processing: block                                     
Processing: stdnames                                  
Processing: enterstd                                  
Processing: enterstn                                  
Processing: enterund                                  
Processing: initiali                                  
Processing: compileh                                  
Processing: compilep                                  
Processing: skipspac                                  
Processing: getword                                   
Processing: findend                                   
Processing: openfile                                  
Processing: closefil                                  
Processing: dumperro                                  
Processing: cpascalm                                  
Compilation successful.                               
No compilation errors PASC.PAS                        
                                                      
A>pload PASC.OBS PASC.OBB                             
Opening input file...                                 
Opening output file...                                
Reading OBP...                                        
Seen 94 procedures                                    
Writing output file...                                
Closing output file...                                
Success.                                              
A>type HELLO.PAS                                      
program HelloWorld;                                   
                                                      
begin                                                 
    writeln('Hello from Pascal!')                     
end.                                                  
                                                      
A>                                                    
A>pint PASC.OBB HELLO.PAS HELLO.OBS                   
Pascal-M interpreter for CP/M-65: B66F bytes free     
Pascal-M compiler V2k1 for CP/M-65                    
Processing: hellowor                                  
Compilation successful.                               
No compilation errors HELLO.PAS                       
                                                      
B>A:pload A:HELLO.OBS HELLO.OBB                       
Opening input file...                                 
Opening output file...                                
Reading OBP...                                        
Seen 1 procedures                                     
Writing output file...                                
Closing output file...                                
Success.                                              
B>A:pint HELLO.OBB                                    
Pascal-M interpreter for CP/M-65: B66F bytes free     
Hello from Pascal!                                    
                                                      
B>                                                    

Replica by Eduardo Casino

The K-1013 emulation uses the same resources as the K-1013 card, but onlky if enabled.

The supporting files for the K-1013 are in the folder K-1013 and contain:

boot.pap
bootrom.bin
codos17.imd
diskimage.imd
mounts.cfg
t.txt

The usage of these files is explained on this page. You can add any file there at wish.

To start using the K-1013 go to the menu settings.

1. Enable K-1013 emulation
2. Copy the folder from the KIM-1 Simulator setup distribution archive called K-1013 to your disk.
3. Choose the Disk images directory pointing to the folder K-1013. You will see the files on Disk 0 etc filled in, IMD files are for operating systems like CP-M/65 and CODOS. See below.
4. Put the KIM-1 in TTY mode on the main window and start the emulator. The usual KIM prompt will appear and you are in the KIM-1 monitor.

Now you either start CP/M-65 or CODOS.

• CP/M-65 on the K-1013 FDC
• CODOS on the K-1013 FDC

One of the cases you saw quite often was this case. It came with one of my KIM-1’s. Small, simple and effective

A perfect solution for an unexpanded KIM-1. Quite popular in education. Add a power supply and you can start using it without exposing the electronics. The LED display was behind a red plexiglas cover, so that improves readability.